Buddhist councils UPSC

The first council-The first council was in 483 BC in the Saptaparni cave (Rajgriha). It was presided over by Mahakassap. It took place during the reign of Harayak dynasty ruler Ajatshatru. In this council , Buddha’s teachings were compiled as Sutapitaka (compilation of religious discourses and dialogues of Buddha) and Vinayapitaka (rules of monks). Second council – Second council took place in Vaishali in 383 BC. It was presided over by Sabkamir (Sarvakamani). It took place during the reign of Shishunaga dynasty ruler Kalashoka. Due to differences in Buddhist monks, after this association, the Buddhist Sangha split into Sthavira and Mahasanghika. Third council –Third council took place in 251 BCE in Pataliputra. It was presided over by Moggaliputta Tiss. It took place during the reign of Mauryan dynasty Emperor Ashoka. This council compiled Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical doctrine). Fourth council – Fourth council was performed in Kundalvan (Kashmir) in the first century AD It was presided over by Vasumitra (president), Ashwaghosh (vice-president). It took place during the reign of Kushan dynasty ruler Kanishka. After this association, Buddhism divided into two parts, Hinayana and Mahayana.